In mid 1923, a group of students who joined in Indonesische Vereeninging (later changed to Association of Indonesia), returned to his homeland. Disappointed with the development of the forces of struggle in Indonesia, and look at the political situation in the face, they form a study group known as very influential, because its activity in the discourse of nationality at the time. First, the Indonesian Study Group (Indonesische Studie-club) which was established in Surabaya on October 29, 1924 by Soetomo. Second, the General Study Group (Algemeene Studie-club) realized by the nationalists and the Technical High School students in Bandung, led by Sukarno on 11 July 1925.
A symptom that appears in the student movement in the political upheaval in the colonial period until about the independence era was the rampant growth in study groups as a venue articulate among students and university students. Inspired by the formation of Surabaya and Bandung Study Group, following the then Association of Indonesian Students Student (GN), a prototype organization that assembled all the elements of the student movement that is national in 1926, St. Study group. Bellarmius Catholic student who became a container, Cristelijke Studenten Vereninging (CSV) for students of Christian, and Islamic Studenten Studie-Club (SIS) for students of Islam in the 1930s.
Birth of a choice of self-organization through the study groups, influenced by certain conditions with some rational considerations that underlie the political atmosphere at that time. First, many youths who feel unable to adjust, even disagree and disappointed with the political organizations that exist. Most of the young man when, for example, reject the ideology of the Communist (PKI), then they try to join with other organizations such as the strength of SI (SI) and Boedi Oetomo. However, because of disappointed not to make changes from within and through the movement of groups and political organizations, they then do a search model of a new movement that is more representative.
Second, the study group is considered as the most viable alternative medium for the intelligentsia and students to consolidate their power potential of more freely in those days, where power has begun to repressive colonialism on the formation of mass organizations and political.
Third, because the study group interaction among students is not limited barriers regional, tribal, and religious struggle that might weaken the student.
At that time, in addition to political organizations struggle indeed there are several containers that are religious youth, regionalism, and ethnicity that thrives, such as Jong Java, Jong Sumateranen Bond, Jong Celebes, and others.
From the rise of the intelligentsia, students, intellectuals and activists that’s youth, the emergence of a new generation of Indonesian youth: generation of 1928. Thus, the challenges faced by the time this generation is mobilizing youth unity, which clearly answered by the outbreak of the Youth Pledge on October 28, 1928. Youth Pledge Youth II triggered through Congress held in Jakarta on 26-28 Oktober1928, led by GN.
The idea of organizing the Second Youth Congress comes from the Student Association of Indonesian Students (GN), a youth organization which membered students from all over Indonesia. On the initiative GN, congresses held in three different buildings and divided in three meetings. The first meeting, Saturday, October 27, 1928, in Building Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Field Bull. In his speech, Soegondo hope the conference will strengthen the spirit of unity in the hearts of youth. The event was followed by a description Moehammad Jamin about the meaning and relationship of unity with youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia, namely the history, languages, customary law, education, and willingness
The second meeting, Sunday, October 28, 1928, in Oost-Java Bioscoop Building, to discuss education issues. Second speaker, Poernomowoelan and Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, agreed that children should receive education nationality, must also be a balance between education at school and at home. Children also should be educated in a democratic manner.
At the next session, Soenario explain the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement. While Ramelan argues, the scouting movement can not be separated from the national movement. Scouting movement since the early to educate children and self-discipline, the things that are needed in the struggle.
Before the congress closed played the song “Indonesia” by Wage Rudolf Supratman. The song was greeted with a very lively by Congress participants. Congress was closed by announcing the formulation of the congress. By the youth in attendance, the formulation was pronounced as Oath Faithful, reads:
An oath Pemoeda
SOEMPAH PEMOEDA
Pertama :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA MENGAKOE BERTOEMPAH DARAH JANG SATOE, TANAH AIR INDONESIA
Kedua :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA, MENGAKOE BERBANGSA JANG SATOE, BANGSA INDONESIA
Ketiga :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA MENGJOENJOENG BAHASA PERSATOEAN, BAHASA INDONESIA
Djakarta, 28 Oktober 1928
Pemoeda Congress Committee consists of:
Chairman: Soegondo Djojopoespito (GN)
Vice Chairman: R.M. Djoko Marsaid (Jong Java)
Secretary: Mohammad Jamin (Jong Sumateranen Bond)
Treasurer: Amir Sjarifuddin (Jong Bataks Bond)
Maid I: Djohan Mohammad Tjai (Jong Islamieten Bond)
Assistant II: R. Katja Soengkana (Pemoeda Indonesia)
Assistant III: Senduk (Jong Celebes)
Assistant IV: John Leimena (yong Ambon)
Assistant V: Rochjani Soe’oed (Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi)
Participants:
1. Abdul Muttalib Sangadji
2. Wulan Purnama
3. Abdul Rachman
4. Raden Suharto
5. Abu Hanifa
6. Raden Soekamso
7. Adnan Kapau Gani
8. Ramelan
9. Amir (Dienaren van Indie)
10.Saerun (Keng Po)
11. Anta Permana
12.Sahardjo
13. Anwari
14. Sarbini
15. Arnold Manonutu
16. Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
17. Assaat
18. Sartono
19. Bahder Djohan
20. S.M. Kartosoewirjo
21. Dali
22. Setiawan
23. DARSA
24. Sigit (Indonesische Studieclub)
25. Dien Pantouw
26. Siti Sundari
27. Djuanda
28. Sjahpuddin Latif
29. Dr.Pijper
30. Sjahrial (Adviseur inlandsch voor Zaken)
31. Emma Puradiredja
32. Soejono Djoenoed Poeponegoro
33. Halim
34. R.M. Djoko Marsaid
35. Hamami
36. Soekamto
37. Jo Plant
38. Soekmono
39. Joesoepadi
40. Soekowati (Volksraad)
41. Jos Masdani
42. Soemanang
43. Kadir
44. Soemarto
45. Karto Menggolo
46. Soenario (PAPI & INPO)
47. Kasman Singodimedjo
48. Soerjadi
49. Koentjoro Poerbopranoto
50. Soewadji Prawirohardjo
51. Martakusuma
52. Soewirjo
53. Masmoen Rasid
54. Soeworo
55. Mohammad Ali Hanafi
56. Suhara
57. Mohamed Nazif
58. Sujono (Volksraad)
59. Mohammad Roem
60. Sulaiman
61. Mohammad Tabrani
62. Suwarni
63. Mohammad Tamzil
64. Tjahija
65. Muhidin (Pasundan)
66. Van der Plaas (Dutch Government)
67. Mukarno
68. Wilopo
69. Muwardi
70. Wage Rudolf Soepratman
71. Miss Tumbel
Note:
Before reading the text of an oath Pemoeda played the song “Indonesia Raya”
composition W.R. Soepratman with friction violin.
1. Youth Pledge text was read on October 28, 1928 place
Jalan Kramat Raya, Central Jakarta 106 number is now a museum Oath
Youth, at the time was owned by a Chinese named Sie
Kong Liong.
2. 2. Chinese Foreign Eastern Group also attended as observers
Youth Congress on the Youth Pledge of time reading the text there are 4 (four)
namely:
a. Kwee Thiam Hong
b. Oey Kay Siang
c. John Lauw Tjoan Hok
d. Tjio Djien Kwie
A symptom that appears in the student movement in the political upheaval in the colonial period until about the independence era was the rampant growth in study groups as a venue articulate among students and university students. Inspired by the formation of Surabaya and Bandung Study Group, following the then Association of Indonesian Students Student (GN), a prototype organization that assembled all the elements of the student movement that is national in 1926, St. Study group. Bellarmius Catholic student who became a container, Cristelijke Studenten Vereninging (CSV) for students of Christian, and Islamic Studenten Studie-Club (SIS) for students of Islam in the 1930s.
Birth of a choice of self-organization through the study groups, influenced by certain conditions with some rational considerations that underlie the political atmosphere at that time. First, many youths who feel unable to adjust, even disagree and disappointed with the political organizations that exist. Most of the young man when, for example, reject the ideology of the Communist (PKI), then they try to join with other organizations such as the strength of SI (SI) and Boedi Oetomo. However, because of disappointed not to make changes from within and through the movement of groups and political organizations, they then do a search model of a new movement that is more representative.
Second, the study group is considered as the most viable alternative medium for the intelligentsia and students to consolidate their power potential of more freely in those days, where power has begun to repressive colonialism on the formation of mass organizations and political.
Third, because the study group interaction among students is not limited barriers regional, tribal, and religious struggle that might weaken the student.
At that time, in addition to political organizations struggle indeed there are several containers that are religious youth, regionalism, and ethnicity that thrives, such as Jong Java, Jong Sumateranen Bond, Jong Celebes, and others.
From the rise of the intelligentsia, students, intellectuals and activists that’s youth, the emergence of a new generation of Indonesian youth: generation of 1928. Thus, the challenges faced by the time this generation is mobilizing youth unity, which clearly answered by the outbreak of the Youth Pledge on October 28, 1928. Youth Pledge Youth II triggered through Congress held in Jakarta on 26-28 Oktober1928, led by GN.
The idea of organizing the Second Youth Congress comes from the Student Association of Indonesian Students (GN), a youth organization which membered students from all over Indonesia. On the initiative GN, congresses held in three different buildings and divided in three meetings. The first meeting, Saturday, October 27, 1928, in Building Katholieke Jongenlingen Bond (KJB), Field Bull. In his speech, Soegondo hope the conference will strengthen the spirit of unity in the hearts of youth. The event was followed by a description Moehammad Jamin about the meaning and relationship of unity with youth. According to him, there are five factors that can strengthen the unity of Indonesia, namely the history, languages, customary law, education, and willingness
The second meeting, Sunday, October 28, 1928, in Oost-Java Bioscoop Building, to discuss education issues. Second speaker, Poernomowoelan and Sarmidi Mangoensarkoro, agreed that children should receive education nationality, must also be a balance between education at school and at home. Children also should be educated in a democratic manner.
At the next session, Soenario explain the importance of nationalism and democracy in addition to scouting movement. While Ramelan argues, the scouting movement can not be separated from the national movement. Scouting movement since the early to educate children and self-discipline, the things that are needed in the struggle.
Before the congress closed played the song “Indonesia” by Wage Rudolf Supratman. The song was greeted with a very lively by Congress participants. Congress was closed by announcing the formulation of the congress. By the youth in attendance, the formulation was pronounced as Oath Faithful, reads:
An oath Pemoeda
SOEMPAH PEMOEDA
Pertama :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA MENGAKOE BERTOEMPAH DARAH JANG SATOE, TANAH AIR INDONESIA
Kedua :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA, MENGAKOE BERBANGSA JANG SATOE, BANGSA INDONESIA
Ketiga :
- KAMI POETRA DAN POETRI INDONESIA MENGJOENJOENG BAHASA PERSATOEAN, BAHASA INDONESIA
Djakarta, 28 Oktober 1928
Pemoeda Congress Committee consists of:
Chairman: Soegondo Djojopoespito (GN)
Vice Chairman: R.M. Djoko Marsaid (Jong Java)
Secretary: Mohammad Jamin (Jong Sumateranen Bond)
Treasurer: Amir Sjarifuddin (Jong Bataks Bond)
Maid I: Djohan Mohammad Tjai (Jong Islamieten Bond)
Assistant II: R. Katja Soengkana (Pemoeda Indonesia)
Assistant III: Senduk (Jong Celebes)
Assistant IV: John Leimena (yong Ambon)
Assistant V: Rochjani Soe’oed (Pemoeda Kaoem Betawi)
Participants:
1. Abdul Muttalib Sangadji
2. Wulan Purnama
3. Abdul Rachman
4. Raden Suharto
5. Abu Hanifa
6. Raden Soekamso
7. Adnan Kapau Gani
8. Ramelan
9. Amir (Dienaren van Indie)
10.Saerun (Keng Po)
11. Anta Permana
12.Sahardjo
13. Anwari
14. Sarbini
15. Arnold Manonutu
16. Sarmidi Mangunsarkoro
17. Assaat
18. Sartono
19. Bahder Djohan
20. S.M. Kartosoewirjo
21. Dali
22. Setiawan
23. DARSA
24. Sigit (Indonesische Studieclub)
25. Dien Pantouw
26. Siti Sundari
27. Djuanda
28. Sjahpuddin Latif
29. Dr.Pijper
30. Sjahrial (Adviseur inlandsch voor Zaken)
31. Emma Puradiredja
32. Soejono Djoenoed Poeponegoro
33. Halim
34. R.M. Djoko Marsaid
35. Hamami
36. Soekamto
37. Jo Plant
38. Soekmono
39. Joesoepadi
40. Soekowati (Volksraad)
41. Jos Masdani
42. Soemanang
43. Kadir
44. Soemarto
45. Karto Menggolo
46. Soenario (PAPI & INPO)
47. Kasman Singodimedjo
48. Soerjadi
49. Koentjoro Poerbopranoto
50. Soewadji Prawirohardjo
51. Martakusuma
52. Soewirjo
53. Masmoen Rasid
54. Soeworo
55. Mohammad Ali Hanafi
56. Suhara
57. Mohamed Nazif
58. Sujono (Volksraad)
59. Mohammad Roem
60. Sulaiman
61. Mohammad Tabrani
62. Suwarni
63. Mohammad Tamzil
64. Tjahija
65. Muhidin (Pasundan)
66. Van der Plaas (Dutch Government)
67. Mukarno
68. Wilopo
69. Muwardi
70. Wage Rudolf Soepratman
71. Miss Tumbel
Note:
Before reading the text of an oath Pemoeda played the song “Indonesia Raya”
composition W.R. Soepratman with friction violin.
1. Youth Pledge text was read on October 28, 1928 place
Jalan Kramat Raya, Central Jakarta 106 number is now a museum Oath
Youth, at the time was owned by a Chinese named Sie
Kong Liong.
2. 2. Chinese Foreign Eastern Group also attended as observers
Youth Congress on the Youth Pledge of time reading the text there are 4 (four)
namely:
a. Kwee Thiam Hong
b. Oey Kay Siang
c. John Lauw Tjoan Hok
d. Tjio Djien Kwie
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